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More and more studies have been published during the COVID-19 crisis.

Understanding the clinical characteristics and the risk factors of severe cases is critically important to improve the efficacy and outcome for the COVID-19 treatment.

In this pandemic, the urban medical facilities in many countries have been overwhelmed with the treatment of severe cases. COVID-19 was caused by a previously unknown betacoronavirus, named 2019-nCoV or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. In early December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, and shortly reported over the world. Specific attention should be given to the elderly male and obese patients and those with indications of severe immune injury in combination with bacterial infection and indication of multi-organ dysfunction or damages. A significant elevation in cardiac TnI/TnT, the hepatic enzymes, and SCr and the reduction in lymphocytes with elevated CRPs are important markers for the severity. But the association between hypertension, diabetes, CVD, and severity of COVID-19 was declined by the increase of age. Conclusion: The male, elderly and obese patients and those with any comorbidities, especially with hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, were more likely to develop into severe cases. In addition, abnormal laboratory findings revealing organ dysfunctions were frequently observed in the severe cases, including decrease in albumin (43%, 95% CI = 24–63%) and increase in aspartate aminotransferase (47%, 95% CI = 38–56%), alanine aminotransferase (28%, 95% CI = 16–39%), troponin I/troponin T (TnI/TnT 29%, 95% CI = 13–45%), and serum Cr (SCr 10%, 95% CI = 5–15%). The most common blood test abnormalities were elevated C-reactive protein (CRP 87%, 82–92%), decreased lymphocyte count (68%, 58–77%), and increased lactate dehydrogenase (69%, 95% CI = 57–81%). Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI to collect all relevant studies published before July 26, 2020, and a total of 30 papers were included in this meta-analysis.

Objective: We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for the severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison with the non-severe patients.